Table 2.
Exclusion rates by trial characteristics
| Variable (number of trials) | Unadjusted coefficient (95% CI)a | P value | Adjusted coefficient (95% CI)a | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | ||||
| HIV infection (n = 32) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Cancer (n = 24) | 15.6 (5.0 to 26.2) | < 0.001 | 20.4 (8.8 to 32.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular (n = 81) | 31.8 (23.8 to 39.7) | 0.003 | 34.0 (24.0 to 44.0) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory (n = 78) | 36.6 (27.8 to 45.3) | < 0.001 | 43.1 (31.9 to 54.2) | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 51) | 44.6 (36.9 to 52.2) | < 0.001 | 43.9 (33.4 to 54.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes (n = 16) | 42.4 (28.2 to 56.7) | < 0.001 | 46.8 (31.1 to 62.6) | < 0.001 |
| Other conditions (n = 23) | 19.5 (9.2 to 29.8) | < 0.001 | 25.0 (12.2 to 37.8) | < 0.001 |
| Trial funding sourceb | ||||
| Public (n = 75) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Industry (n = 203) | 15.7 (9.6 to 21.7) | < 0.001 | −4.7 (−11.0 to 1.6) | 0.1 |
| Comparison clinical population setting | ||||
| Primary care (n = 198) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Specialist care (n = 107) | −6.2 (−11.7 to −0.6) | 0.03 | −3.0 (−9.0 to 3.0) | 0.3 |
| Year of trial publication | ||||
| 1994–1999 (n = 81) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2000–2003 (n = 78) | −4.0 (−11.4 to 3.3) | 0.28 | −4.7 (−10.8 to 1.4) | 0.1 |
| 2004–2011 (n = 75) | − 1.1 (−8.6 to 6.3) | 0.76 | − 6.2 (−13.1 to 0.7) | 0.08 |
| 2012–2018 (n = 71) | −0.3 (−7.4 to 7.9) | 0.95 | −6.5 (−13.8 to 0.7) | 0.08 |
| Risk of bias | ||||
| Low (n = 126) | Reference | Reference | ||
| High/Unclear (n = 179) | 17.2 (12.2 to 22.2) | < 0.001 | 9.2 (3.5 to 14.8) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus
a The coefficients are interpreted as the percentage point difference in exclusion in each category compared with the reference
b Twenty-seven trials did not report funding source