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Top row: Real spherical harmonic basis functions for ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 2. Bottom row: Second moments of the Cartesian unit vectors in orientation space. The radius of each glyph indicates the value of the function along that direction. Red surfaces indicate positive values and blue surfaces indicate negative values. The two sets of basis functions span the same function space, but only the real spherical harmonics form an orthogonal basis.
