Sweden 0-1 y N=98 |
Cross-sectional |
|
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing by Illumina HiSeq 2000 |
BF infants predominate in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, and Veillonella
BF cessation increased Bacteroides, Bilophila, Roseburia, Clostridium, and Anaerostipes
Newborn and 4 mo microbiota enriched in genes for HMO degradation
12-mo microbiota enriched in genes for complex sugar and starch degradation; increased B. thetaiotaomicron
|
27 |
Denmark 0-3 y n=330 |
Observational Cohort (SKOT) |
FFQ at 9. 18. 36 mos. visits |
Targeted qPCR analysis |
Weaning decreased Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and increased Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp.
|
26 |
U.S. (North Carolina) 1-4y and adults N=28 |
Cross-sectional |
Children attended daycares adhering to nutritional requirements defined by local state and federal rules and regulations |
Microarray targeting V1-V6 16S rRNA & qPCR |
Children had less diverse microbiota than adults
Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridium cluster IV (Ruminococcaceae), and Bacteroidetes were higher in children than adults
|
30 |
Italy and Burkina Faso 1-6 y N=29 |
Cross-sectional |
Italian parents completed a detailed medical, diet, and lifestyle survey
Burkina Faso parents provided in-depth interview on children’s diet and a 3-d dietary questionnaire
|
V5-V6 16S rRNA by 454-pyrosequencing |
Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (F:B ratio) was ~6-fold higher in Italian than Burkina Faso children
3 genera involved in utilization plant polysaccharides (Prevotella, Xylanibacter (Bacteroidetes), and Treponema (Spirochaetes) were higher in Burkina Faso children.
|
28 |
Australia 2-3 y N=37 |
Cross-sectional |
|
V6-V8 16S rRNA by Illumina MiSeq |
Dairy intake negatively associated with Bacteroidetes, species richness and diversity, and positively with Erysipelatoclostridium spp. and the F:B ratio
Vegetable protein intake positively associated with Lachnospira
Soy, pulse, and nut positively associated with Bacteroides xylanisolvens
Fruit intake negatively associated with Ruminococcus gnavus
|
32 |
U.S. (Illinois) 4-8 y N=22 |
Cross-sectional |
|
V3-V4 16S rRNA by Illumina MiSeq |
2 dietary patterns were associated with microbial taxa and composition
Dietary Pattern 1 (intake of fish, protein foods, refined carbohydrates, vegetables, fruit, juice and sweetened beverages, kid’s meals and snacks and sweets) was linked to higher Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus and lower Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Blautia and Roseburia.
Dietary Pattern 2 (intake of grains, dairy and legumes, nuts and seeds) was associated with higher Cyanobacteria and Phascolarctobacterium and lower Dorea and Eubacterium
|
31 |
Philippines - Rural (Baybay) and urban (Ormoc City) 7-9 y N=43 |
Cross-sectional |
Parents/guardians interviewed using FFQ modified from Singapore National Dietary Survey and adapted to dietary habits of Filipino children |
V6-V8 16S rRNA by 454 pyro-sequencing |
87.5% of Baybay children fell into P-type cluster (defined by Prevotellaceae) and 78.9% of the Ormoc samples were included in the termed BB-type cluster (defined by Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae)
|
33 |
Thailand - Rural (Buriam) and urban (Bangkok) 9-10 y N=45 |
Comparative cross-sectional |
7-day dietary records |
V1-V2 16S rRNA by Illumina MiSeq |
Bangkok children had higher Actinobacteria, Bacteroidales and Selenomadales
Buriram children had more Clostridiales, Peptostreptococcaceae and unclassified Ruminococcaceae and higher butyrate and propionate
|
34 |
Netherlands 6-9 y N=281 |
Cross-sectional |
Parent-report FFQ |
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing by Illumina sequencing |
Higher Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium) in children than adults
Negative correlation between high dietary fiber consumption and low plasma insulin levels in children with Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes, but not Bifidobacterium enterotype
|
35 |
Thailand 8-11 y N=60 |
Cross-sectional |
Self-administered FFQ |
qPCR |
|
36 |
China and Malaysia 7-12 y N=210 |
Cross-sectional |
Singapore Health Promotion Board validated FFQ |
qPCR |
Geographical-related factors (i.e. diet), rather than ethnicity (i.e. Southern Chinese or Malay children) is a major delineator of microbiome changes
Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella positively correlated with refined-sugar enriched foods; Collinsella positively associated with fruits and curry foods
|
37 |
Bangladesh 8-13 y N=10 U.S. 12-14 y N=4 |
Cross-sectional |
Not reported |
V1-V3 16S rRNA by 454 pyrosequencing |
Bangladeshi children had lower Bacteroides and higher Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, and Oscillospira
Bangladeshi children consumed non-Western diet low in refined-sugar enriched foods and meat and high in rice, bread, and lentils
|
38 |
Egypt (Giza) 13.3-14.5 y N=28 U.S.(Ohio) 10.1-15.7 y N=14 |
Cross-sectional |
Not reported |
V4 16S rRNA by Iliumina MiSeq |
Egyptian consumed Mediterranean-type diet & American children consumed a Western diet
Egyptian children had Prevotella enterotype and American children had Bacteroides enterotype
Egyptian children had higher fecal SCFAs, microbial polysaccharide degradation-encoding genes, and polysaccharide-degrading genera
|
40 |