Table 3.
Country of Study, Age Range, Duration of Intervention |
Study Design and Participants/Group |
Nutrition Base and Probiotic Strain and Amount |
Microbiota Assessment | Outcomes | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia (Melbourne) Mothers at 36 wk gestation until delivery |
|
|
|
|
64 |
Finland (Turku) Mothers at 36 wk gestation until delivery; infants 0-6 mo |
|
|
|
|
65 |
Netherlands Mothers at 6 wk before delivery until delivery; infants at 0-1 y |
|
|
|
|
66 |
Japan Mothers at 34 wk gestation until delivery; infants 0-6 mo |
|
|
|
|
67 |
Norway (Trondheim study) Mother at 36 wk gestation until 3 mo postnatal while breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
68 |
Finland (Turku) Mothers at 2 mo before delivery until 2 mo after delivery during breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
69 |
Finland (Turku) Mothers at 2-4 wk prior to and until delivery; BF mothers or infants 0-6 mo |
|
|
|
|
70 |
New Zealand (Auckland and Wellington) Mothers at 35 wk gestation until 6 mo postpartum if breastfeeding); infants 5d – 2 y |
|
|
|
|
71 |
Abbreviations: BB-12, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; CFU, colony-forming unit; CS, cesarean section; d, day, FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; IS-pro, interspace profiling; mo, month; qPCR, quantitative PCR; T-RFLP, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative PCR; VD, vaginal delivered; y, year; ↑indicates significantly increased; ↓ indicated significantly decreased; ↔ indicates no effect