Table 4.
Country of Study, Age Range, Duration of Intervention |
Study Design and Participants/Group |
Nutrition Base and Probiotic Strain and Amount |
Microbiota Assessment | Outcomes | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany Infants at birth; 12 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
72 |
Finland (Tartu) Infants 0-2 mo; 6 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
73 |
Greece (Athens) Infants ≤3d; 6 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
74 |
China (Shanghai) Infants at 0-7 d; 12 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
75 |
Spain Infants at 1 mo; 5 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
76 |
Chile (Santiago) Infants at 1 mo; 13 wk intervention |
|
|
|
|
77 |
Denmark (ProbiComp Study) Infants at 8–13 mo; 6 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
78 |
Italy Infants 12-24 mo; 4 wk intervention |
|
|
|
|
79 |
U.S.A. (Washington, DC) Children 1-5 y; 10 d intervention |
|
|
|
|
80 |
Malaysia Children 2-6 y; 10 mos intervention |
|
|
|
|
81 |
Finland Children 2-7 y; 7 mos intervention |
|
|
|
|
82 |
Italy Children 5.7 ± 2.6 y; 21 d intervention |
|
|
|
|
83 |
Japan (Tokyo) Children 4-12 y; 6 mo intervention |
|
|
|
|
84 |
Netherlands (Amsterdam) Children 12-18 y; 6 wk intervention |
|
|
|
|
85 |
Abbreviations: BB-12, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; BF, breast-fed; CFU, colony-forming unit; C, cesarean section; Ct, control; d, day; EBF, exclusive breast-fed; FF, formula-fed; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; FOS, fructooligossacharides; LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; IS-Pro, interspace profiling; mo; month; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative PCR; V, vaginal delivery; wk week ↑indicates significantly increased; ↓ indicated significantly decreased; ↔ indicates no effect