Table 2.

Independent and interactive effects of household chaos (IV) and maternal emotional responsiveness or sensitivity (moderator) on child food responsiveness. ^ǂ

ER Moderator (Self-report) →	Model 1: Expressive encouragement response			Model 2: Emotion-focused responses			Model 3: Problem-focused responses
	B	SE	95%CI	B	SE	95%CI	B	SE	95%CI
Maternal age	−.03	.02	−.06, .00	−.03	.02	−.06, .00	−.04*	.02	−.07, −.01
Household income	−.01	.02	−.06, .04	−.01	.02	−.05, .05	.00	.02	−.05, .04
Mealtime length (minutes)	−.03	.02	−.06, .01	−.02	.02	−.05, .01	−.02	.06	−.05, .01
Marital status	.33	.22	−.11, .76	.32	.22	−.11, .76	.30	.23	−.15, .76
Maternal educational attainment	.16	.10	−.03, .36	.14	.09	−.05, .32	.14	.10	−.05, .33
Chaos (IV)	.40*	.14	.12, .69	.39*	.14	.11, .67	.38*	.15	.08, .67
ERS Moderator	−.05	.05	−.16, .06	.08	.09	−.07, .23	.05	.10	−.14, .24
Chaos × ERS interaction term	−.18	.13	−.44, .07	−.37	.19	−.75, .01	−.34	.21	−.75, .07
R2, p-value	R2 = .23*, p = .02			R2 = .25*, p = .01			R2 = .23*, p = .02
ΔR2 with interaction term, p-value	ΔR2 = .03, p = .15			ΔR2 = .04, p = .06			ΔR2 = .03, p = .10
ER Moderator (Observed) →	Model 4: Sensitive responses			Model 5: Attending responses			Model 6: Structuring/ limiting responses
	B	SE	95% CI	B	SE	95% CI	B	SE	95% CI
Maternal age	−.04*	.01	−.06, −.01	−.03	.01	−.06, .00	−.04*	.01	−.06, −.01
Household income	−.01	.02	−.06, .03	−.01	.02	−.05, .04	−.01	.02	−.05, .04
Mealtime length (minutes)	−.03	.01	−.05, .01	−.02	.02	−.05, .01	−.02	.02	−.05, .01
Marital status (married, unmarried)	.40	.21	−.03, .82	.25	.22	−.18, .68	.34	.22	−.09, .78
Maternal educational attainment	.14	.09	−.04, .32	.15	.09	−.04, .33	.16	.09	−.03, .35
Chaos (IV)	.32*	.14	.05, .60	.37*	.15	.08, .66	.38*	.14	.10, .66
ER Moderator	.36	.21	−.06, .77	−.04	.34	−.72, .63	.07	.23	−.38, .53
Chaos × ER interaction term	−1.01*	.40	−1.81, −.22	−.86	.88	−.72, .63	−.81	.50	−1.79, .18
R2, p-value	R2 = .27*, p < .01			R2 = .21*, p = .02			R2 = .26*, p = .02
ΔR2 with interaction term, p-value	ΔR2 = .06*, p = .01			ΔR2 =.01, p = .33			ΔR2 =.03, p = .11

Note. Separate moderation analyses were run using the same IV (chaos) and outcome variable (child food responsiveness), but varying the variable used to describe maternal emotional responsiveness. Moderators in the top row (Models 1 – 3) are all derived from a self-report measure, and moderators in the bottom row (Models 4 – 6) are derived from observations of family mealtimes.

IV = independent variable; ER = Emotional Responsiveness.

^*p < .05

^ǂHigher scores for food responsiveness indicates higher levels of approach-related eating behavior dysfunction.