3. Clinical relevance of preventive trials.
| Studies | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Alexander 1995 | + | + | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Gaber 1999 | ‐ | + | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Kraus 2002 | + | ? | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Reddell 1992 | + | + | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Roelofs 2007 | + | + | + | + | + |
| Van Poppel 1998 | + | + | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Walsh 1980 | ‐ | + | ‐ | ‐ | ? |
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