Table 2.

The Overall Weighted Mean Effects Comparing TM® versus Controls on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure.

Study Citation	Outcome	N	Weeks	d+	SE	Variance	95% CI		d+ (95% CI)
							Lower	Upper
Calderon (2000)	SBP	71	25	−0.2542	0.2419	0.0585	−0.7283	0.2199
Kondwani et al. (2005)	SBP	34	51	−0.3122	0.3591	0.1290	−1.0162	0.3918
Paul-Labrador et al. (2006)	SBP	84	15	0.3741	0.2235	0.0500	−0.0642	0.8124
Schneider et al. (2005)	SBP	98	52	0.1974	0.2058	0.0423	−0.2057	0.6005
Schneider et al. (2012)	SBP	183	281	0.4136	0.1505	0.0227	0.1183	0.7089
Schneider et al. (1995)	SBP	74	12	0.9716	0.2501	0.0626	0.4812	1.4620
MM				0.2636	0.1668	0.0278	−0.0633	0.5905
ML				0.2673	0.1547	0.0239	−0.0358	0.5704
Calderon (2000)	DBP	71	25	−0.1990	0.2415	0.0583	−0.6722	0.2742
Kondwani et al. (2005)	DBP	34	51	0.2977	0.3589	0.1288	−0.4057	1.0011
Paul-Labrador et al. (2006)	DBP	84	15	0.0725	0.2216	0.0491	−0.3618	0.5068
Schneider et al. (2005)	DBP	98	52	0.4709	0.2081	0.0433	0.0631	0.8787
Schneider et al. (2012)	DBP	183	281	0.2431	0.1493	0.0223	−0.0496	0.5358
Schneider et al. (1995)	DBP	74	12	0.8427	0.2467	0.0608	0.3594	1.3260
MM				0.2837	0.1361	0.0185	0.0170	0.5504
ML				0.2848	0.1571	0.0247	−0.0231	0.5926

Note. The overall weighted mean effect sizes are calculated using random-effects models with methods of moments (MM) and full information maximum likelihood (ML) methods to estimate the between-study variance. Weighted mean effect sizes (d₊) are positive for differences that favor the transcendental meditation (TM) group relative to controls. Weeks refers to the number of weeks between the last intervention session and the assessment. d₊, weighted mean effect size; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.