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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Microbiol. 2019 Jun 3;112(2):335–347. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14309

Fig 3. ECF σ factors and the age of genomics.

Fig 3.

With increasing availability of DNA sequence information, the genetic diversity of σ factors became appreciated. The ECF subgroup was identified in 1994 (inset from Lonetto et al., 1994), and 1995 marked the beginning of the era of bacterial genomics. By 2009, phylogenomics-based approaches revealed that ECF σ factors were a highly diverse and often numerically dominant subset of alternative σ factors that play major roles, in many cases yet to be determined, in bacterial gene regulation (inset from Staron et al., 2009).