Fig 4. Matrilineal inheritance causes coupling between neo-W and Spiroplasma.

(A) Maximum likelihood phylogeny for the whole mitochondrial genome. Individuals are coloured according to population of origin (see Fig 1A), and those carrying the neo-W (‘W’) and Spiroplasma (‘S’) are indicated (including one cured individual in which Spiroplasma was eliminated). Females are indicated by circles and males by squares. (B) Maximum likelihood phylogenies for the neo-W haplotype and Spiroplasma genome isolated from infected females. Corresponding clades are shaded to indicate congruence. Note that two samples are excluded in panel B: the cured sample, which lacked Spiroplasma because of tetracycline treatment, and one infected female found to lack the neo-W. Whether the latter represents an ancestral state or secondary loss requires further investigation. In all trees, nodes supported by more than 70 of 100 bootstrap replicates are indicated by circles. Data deposited in the Dryad repository [36].