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. 2020 Feb 20;133(4):424–434. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000654

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Copyright © 2020 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

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Immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative analysis for the discovery of smooth muscle biomarkers in MTs. Top: Immunohistochemistry staining of α-SMA and smoothelin in non-induced and induced MTs. Bottom: Both α-SMA and smoothelin were expressed in induced MTs after 7 days of subcutaneous implantation, and non-induced MTs had little expression of these smooth muscle markers. Bottom: Semi-quantitative analysis indicated statistical significance in the difference in smooth muscle marker expression between induced and non-induced MTs. Scale bar = 20 μm. ∗P < 0.05, comparison between induced MTs and non-induced MTs. IOD: Integral optical density; MTs: Microtissues; α-SMA: α-Smooth muscle actin.