(a) The time-integral of the measured pAkt response between 2.5 and 30 min after exposing MCF10A cells to different background doses of EGF for 180 min followed by x2, x3, x4, or x6 fold change in background EGF exposure (shown on the logarithmic x-axis). Inset shows pAkt response over a wider range of background EGF exposures. (b) Time-averaged pAkt response (between 2.5 to 30 min after a fold change in EGF) depends log linearly on the fold change. Individual data series represent the same initial EGF concentration as shown in the legend. Dashed line represents log-linear fit to data (Pearson’s correlation coefficient is r2 = 0.94, regression p<10−12). (c and d) are biological repeats of a) and b) (Pearson’s correlation coefficient is r2 = 0.94, regression p<10−12). (e and f) show similar plots for integrals computed on pAkt responses simulated in silico from top 10 best fit models (Pearson’s correlation coefficient is r2 = 0.92, regression p<10−10). Error bars represent the standard deviation of n = 3 technical replicates in subpanels a to d.