Table 2.

Role of ROS in plant development.

S. no.	Developmental event	Site of action	ROS action	ROS type	Plant	References
1.	Release of dormancy and germination	Seed	Oxidation of specific peptides and MAPKs activation	H2O2	Zinnia elegans, maize, wheat and soybean	Singh et al., 2016, Basbouss-Serhal et al., 2017
2.	Seed germination	Aleurone cells	PCD of aleurone layer	–	Cereal seeds	Yadegari and Drews (2004)
3.	Leaf development	Leaves meristematic cells	Cell wall loosening and rigid cross-linking of cell wall components	H2O2 and O2-	A. thaliana	Lu et al. (2014)
4.	Leaf senescence	Senescent leaves	Crucial in regulation of senescence signaling	1O2, H2O2	–	Bhattacharjee (2012)
5.	Senescence	Foral meristems	Protect the initial growth of the ovule, sepals, and petals after accomplishing the death of petal cells	H2O2	Daylily plant	Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1989, Tripathi and Tuteja, 2007
6.	Development of trichome	Trichome initials	Switched the mitosis to endoreduplication, branching of cells, expansion, and cell death	H2O2 burst	–	Hulskamp (2004)
7.	Development of male sex organs	Tapetal cells	Dictate the correct timing of tapetal PCD	H2O2	A. thaliana	Durme and Nowack (2016)
8.	Development of pollen tube on pistil	Pistil	Attract and guide the pollen tube growth by deteriorating the cells of pistil in a programmed manner & activating Ca2+ permeable channels to alter the cell wall extensibility	–	A. thaliana,	Duan et al., 2014, Lassig et al., 2014
9.	Self-incompatibility during pollination	Stigma	Induced PCD in incompatible pollen	H2O2	Papaver	Wilkins et al. (2011)
10.	Development of xylem tracheary elements	Vascular bundle cells	secondary wall differentiation or trigger xylem differentiation by PCD	H2O2	–	Ros Barceló (2005)
11.	Development of aerenchyma	Internode of stem	Induced PCD	H2O2	rice	Steffens et al. (2011)
12.	Rhizogenesis	Root	–	O2- (oxygen radical)	–	Libik-Konieczny et al. (2015)
13.	Lateral root development	Root	Promoting transition from cellular proliferation to differentiation	H2O2 and O2-	A. thaliana	Manzano et al. (2014)
14.	Root hair development	Epidermal root cells	Activation of MAPKs cascade	–	A. thaliana	Mangano et al. (2016)