Table 3.

Life span, diffusion range and oxidative damage of ROS.

S. no.	ROS type	Half life	Diffusion range	Target of ROS	Oxidative damage	References
1.	1O2	3 μs	100 nm	Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and pigments	Lipid peroxidation, photosystem II activity loss and PCD	Das and Roychoudhury (2014)
2.	O2−	2–4 μs	30 nm.	Proteins	Oxidize enzymes containing the [4Fe–4S] clusters (aconitase or dehydratase) and reduce cytochrome C	Halliwell (2006)
3.	OH−	1 μs	1 nm	Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids	Lipid peroxidation, production of cytotoxic lipid aldehydes, deoxyribose oxidation, removal of nucleotides, DNA-protein crosslinks, and strand breakage	Hossain et al. (2015)
4.	H2O2	1 ms	1 μm	Cysteine and methionine residues, and oxidize thiolates	Oxidation of Calvin cycle enzymes, transcription factors, signaling kinases, phosphatases, proteases,RNA-binding proteins and cell death	Waszczak et al. (2015)