TABLE 1.

Overview of A. muciniphila and its associated biomarkers in clinical studies of obesity.

Ref.	Participation	Intervention or Observation	Study Period	Results
(Medina-Vera et al., 2019)	81 Patients with T2DM	A reduced-energy diet	3 months	Dietary portfolio consumption increased levels of A. muciniphila and improved glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia, and inflammation.
(Roshanravan et al., 2017)	60 patients, overweight and with obese diabetes	600mg/d butyrate, 10 g/d inulin powder, both inulin and butyrate or placebo	45 days	Supplementation of insulin and butyrate can increase A. muciniphila, and butyrate decreases TNF-α mRNA expression, hs-CRP, MDA, and diastolic blood pressure levels.
(Walker et al., 2019)	28 obese men with metabolic syndrome	1 g polyphenol resveratrol orally twice daily or placebo	35 days	Polyphenol resveratrol improves glucose homeostasis and increases the abundance of A. muciniphila.
(Allin et al., 2018)	134 Danish adults with prediabetes and 134 healthy controls	Observation		The abundance of the mucin-degrading bacterium A. muciniphila obviously decreased in prediabetes.
(Dao et al., 2016)	49 adults, overweight and obese	6-week calorie restriction	12 weeks	A. muciniphila abundance improved fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides, and body fat distribution.
(Khan et al., 2018)	43 hypercholesterolemic patients and 19 healthy controls	27 patients with Atorvastatin treatment	2 years	Atorvastatin treatment increased the abundance of A. muciniphila.
(Liu et al., 2017)	70 female patients with T2DM and 70 healthy females.	Observation		Decreased A. muciniphila was associated with fasting blood glucose and urine glucose.
(Collado et al., 2010, 2012; Santacruz et al., 2010)	16 infants with obese mother and 256 infants of normal mothers as control	Observation		Prevalence of A. muciniphila was lower in control infants with normal mothers.
(De La Cuesta-Zuluaga et al., 2017)	28 participants with diabetes and 84 healthy controls	Metformin		Diabetes patients taking metformin had a higher relative abundance of A. muciniphila compared with healthy control.
(Palleja et al., 2016)	13 morbidly obese patients	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)	12 months	RYGB changed the relative abundances of 31 species, including A. muciniphila, within the first 3 months. These abundance changes can be maintained for 9 months.
(Brahe et al., 2015)	53 women with obesity	Observation		140 metagenomic species, including A. muciniphila, were correlated with metabolic markers.
(Yassour et al., 2016; Cortez et al., 2018)	21 patients with T2DM	Duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery medical care	12 months	The level of gut A. muciniphila in the surgery group increased.
(Depommier et al., 2019)	32 participants, overweight/obese insulin-resistant	Oral supplementation of 1010 A. muciniphila bacteria, either live or pasteurized	3 months	A. muciniphila decreased body weight and reduced the levels of the relevant blood markers for liver dysfunction and inflammation, while the overall gut microbiome structure was unaffected.