Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic |
All n = 584 |
Classical OH n = 248 |
Delayed OH n = 336 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64 ± 18 | 68 ± 14 | 60 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 274 (47) | 141 (57) | 133 (40) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 172 ± 10 | 173 ± 10 | 171 ± 10 | 0.004 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.121 |
| Palpitations before syncope, n (%) | 110 (23) | 31 (16) | 79 (29) | 0.001 |
| History of orthostatic dizziness, n (%) | 439 (76) | 183 (74) | 256 (77) | 0.439 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 527 (90) | 220 (89) | 307 (91) | 0.270 |
| Nr of previous syncope episodes (median, interquartile range) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–8) | 4 (2–10) | 0.160 |
| History of falls, n (%) | 319 (55) | 137 (56) | 182 (55) | 0.502 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 76 (13) | 29 (12) | 47 (14) | 0.437 |
| History of coronary artery disease, n (%) | 62 (11) | 28 (11) | 34 (10) | 0.649 |
| Pacemaker therapy, n (%) | 20 (3) | 13 (5) | 7 (2) | 0.04 |
| Parkinsons disease, n (%) | 16 (3) | 12 (5) | 4 (1) | 0.008 |
| Supine systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 139 ± 24 | 141 ± 26 | 137 ± 22 | 0.051 |
| Supine diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74 ± 12 | 75 ± 12 | 73 ± 11 | 0.155 |
| Supine heart rate, beats/min | 70 ± 12 | 69 ± 12 | 70 ± 12 | 0.272 |
| Lowest systolic blood pressure during HUT, mmHg | 95 ± 22 | 88 ± 22 | 99 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Lowest diastolic blood pressure during HUT, mmHg | 60 ± 13 | 56 ± 13 | 63 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Max heart rate during HUT (beats/min) | 83 ± 16 | 82 ± 17 | 85 ± 16 | 0.069 |
| Pathologic Valsalva maneuver, n (%) | 135 (29) | 86 (43) | 49 (18) | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 77 ± 22 | 73 ± 21 | 80 ± 22 | 0.003 |
| Reduced ejection fraction, n (%) | 119 (21) | 42 (18) | 77 (24) | 0.068 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 59 (10) | 25 (10) | 34 (10) | 0.969 |
| Use of betablockers, n (%) | 153 (26) | 62 (25) | 91 (27) | 0.519 |
| Use of calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 96 (17) | 38 (15) | 58 (18) | 0.508 |
| Use of RAAS-antagonists n (%) | 95 (16) | 44 (18) | 51 (15) | 0.450 |
| Use of loop-diuretics, n (%) | 63 (11) | 32 (13) | 31 (9) | 0.171 |
| Use of alphablockers, n (%) | 27 (5) | 16 (6) | 11 (3) | 0.075 |
OH, orthostatic hypotension; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Data are presented as mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise.
Values in bold are significant (p > 005).