Table 1.
Detection of human enteric viruses and indicator viruses in wastewater samples.
| Virus analyzed | No. of tested samples | Raw sewage | Secondary-treated sewage | Final effluent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of positive samples (%) | Concentration (mean ± standard deviation) (log10 copies/L) | No. of positive samples (%) | Concentration (mean ± standard deviation) (log10 copies/L) | No. of positive samples (%) | Concentration (mean ± standard deviation) (log10 copies/L) | |||
| Human enteric virus | AiV-1 | 13 | 9 (69) | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 4 (31) | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 5 (38) | 3.8 ± 0.5 |
| EVs | 13 | 11 (85) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 2 (15) | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 1 (8) | 3.4 | |
| NoVs-GI | 13 | 12 (92) | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5 (38) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 7 (54) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | |
| NoVs-GII | 13 | 10 (77) | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 6 (46) | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 5 (38) | 6.0 ± 0.2 | |
| NoVs-GIV | 13 | 0 (0) | Not applicable | 0 (0) | Not applicable | 0 (0) | Not applicable | |
| HuAdVs | 13 | 11 (85) | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 4 (31) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5 (38) | 5.2 ± 0.2 | |
| JCPyVs | 13 | 9 (69) | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 0 (0) | Not applicable | 3 (23) | 6.0 ± 1.0 | |
| BKPyVs | 13 | 12 (92) | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 3 (23) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 1 (8) | 5.4 | |
| Indicator virus | CrAssphage | 13 | 13 (100) | 10.3 ± 1.3 | 13 (100) | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 11 (85) | 7.4 ± 1.1 |
| PMMoV | 13 | 13 (100) | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 13 (100) | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 13 (100) | 5.1 ± 0.7 | |
| TMV | 13 | 13 (100) | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 13 (100) | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 12 (92) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | |