Fig. 5. 1D GISAXS and AFM of model systems and lung extracts.

1D GISAXS intensity versus reciprocal space $q$ (Å${}^{-1}$) profiles for BLES samples and model membrane systems in healthy (a) and diseased (b) states. The middle panels are schematic representation of stalks and orientation in healthy (c) and diseased (d) model (blue) and BLES (magenta) membrane systems. The space between bilayers (light blue) represents water layers. AFM height and phase images of healthy (e) and diseased (f) model membrane systems are represented in the figure. Inset in the healthy model (e) is 250 nm × 250 nm while inset in the diseased model (f) highlighting the pores in the diseased model system is 500 nm × 500 nm, white arrows point to pore-like defects. Height and phase AFM images of lung extract (BLES) in healthy (g) and diseased (h) states are also displayed.