Table 1.

A schematic summary of training programs induced in monocytes/macrophages.

Inducer of training	Receptor	Trained immunity signaling	Metabolic remodeling	Epigenetic remodeling
β-glucan	Dectin-1	AKT-mTOR-HIF1α, cAMP-PKA, IL-1, IL-32	Glycolysis, glutaminolysis, cholesterol/mevalonate synthesis	H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac
BCG	NOD2	Akt-mTOR, IL-1 or IFN-γ	Glycolysis, glutaminolysis, cholesterol/mevalonate synthesis	H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H3K27ac
oxLDL	TLR	mTOR-ROS, IL-1	Glycolysis, cholesterol/mevalonate synthesis	H3K4me3
LPS	TLR4	IRAK-1-Tollip, JNK-miR-24-axis	Glucose and cholesterol metabolism	–
Aldosterone	Mineralocorticoid receptor	–	Fatty acid synthesis	H3K4me3