Figure 4.

Dulaglutide treatment reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and p50 NF-κB in disuse-induced muscle atrophy. (A) The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were analyzed with RT-qPCR in GA muscle tissue. GAPDH mRNA was used as an internal control. (B) Immunoblotting and (C) quantification analyses of p50 NF-κB and p-IκBα protein expression in GA muscle. Beta-actin was used as a loading control. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M, n = 5; **p < 0.01 or ***p < 0.001 as compared with control + vehicle or disuse + vehicle group. CV, control + vehicle; CD, control + dulaglutide; IV, immobilization + vehicle; ID, immobilization + dulaglutide.