FIGURE 5.

Effect of [FAA:TA] NPs on reducing microglia activation. (A–C) BV2 microglia was treated with 5 μM (for Griess and TNF-α) or 10 μM (for ROS) A53T αSYN in the presence of absence of NP/compounds controls. Supernatants were harvested 24 h later and concentration of Nitrite and TNF-α were measured by Griess Reagent and ELISA. Intracellular ROS was detected using CellRox Dye. (D) LPS primed BV2 microglia were stimulated for 24 h with 5 μM A53T αSYN with or without NP/compounds. IL-6 concentration was determined by ELISA. Data are represented as means ± SEM; n = 3. In (A), *P = 0.0154 for NT vs. αSYN only and *P = 0.0223 for NT vs. FAA acid + TA by one-way ANOVA. In (B), **P = 0.0083 for αSYN only vs. [FAA:TA] NP, *P = 0.0103 for αSYN only vs. FAA acid and *P = 0.0145 for αSYN only vs. TA by one-way ANOVA. In (C), P values are relative to αSYN (black) and [FAA:TA] NP condition (red). ***P = 0.0002 for αSYN only vs. [FAA:TA] NP, **P = 0.0059 for αSYN only vs. FAA acid, ***P = 0.0002 for αSYN only vs. FAA acid + TA and ****P < 0.0001 for [FAA:TA] NP vs. TA by one-way ANOVA. [FAA:TA] NPs was found to significantly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and intracellular ROS production.