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. 2020 Feb 27;10:3591. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60162-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HPF/FS-TEM images showing the binding and uptake process of VSOP into THP-1 monocytes at the indicated incubation times. The control images A and A1 show a monocyte that was not incubated with VSOP. A1–D1 represent high-magnification images of the delineated area in A–D. VSOP are visible as black round structures with an individual nanoparticle diameter of 4–8 nm. The black arrow in B points to a small VSOP aggregate bound to the cell surface membrane. Scale bars depict 200 nm.