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. 2020 Feb 27;10:3606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60376-w

Table 3.

Phylogenetic analysis of male life-history traits (see text for full definition) according to sexual system (G = Gonochorism; PA = Protandry; PG = Protogyny) using the Rabosky et al.’s67 phylogenetic tree.

Variables Beta T P df Model stats
Dependent Independent λ R2
Weight (log10 transformed) Sexual system – PAa 0.11 0.77 0.44 2,29 1.00 0.06
Sexual system – PGa −0.19 −1.07 0.29 2,29
Sexual system – PGb −0.30 −1.41 0.16 2,29
Length (log10 transformed) Sexual system – PAa −0.04 −0.77 0.44 2,44 0.71 0.06
Sexual system – PGa −0.09 −1.64 0.10 2,44
Sexual system – PGb −0.04 −0.61 0.54 2,44
Length Maturity (log10 transformed) Sexual system – PAa −0.06 −0.85 0.39 2,24 1.00 0.03
Sexual system – PGa −0.05 −0.65 0.51 2,24
Sexual system – PGb 0.01 0.13 0.89 2,24
GSI (%) Sexual system – PAa 0.43 0.84 0.40 2,43 0.70 0.14
Sexual system – PGa −1.12 −2.19 0.03 2,43
Sexual system – PGb −1.56 −2.55 0.01 2,43

Notes: Gonochorism ina and protandry inb were set as the reference level, respectively.

Abbreviations: T: t-value; df: degrees of freedom; P: p-value; λ: phylogenetic signal. Significant differences (p-values < 0.05) are in bold.