Table 4.
Relation between baseline characteristics and bone mineral density over the 10-year study period*
| Women | Men | |||||||
| Femoral neck | Lumbar spine | Femoral neck | Lumbar spine | |||||
| Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | |
| Age | −0.16 | −0.31 to −0.02 | −0.10 | −0.25 to 0.05 | −0.22 | −0.57 to 0.13 | −0.06 | −0.40 to 0.28 |
| Postmenopausal | −0.40 | −0.76 to −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.43 to 0.32 | NA | NA | ||
| BMI | 0.21 | 0.05 to 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.16 to 0.49 | 0.68 | 0.45 to 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.21 to 0.70 |
| Smoking (ever) | −0.22 | −0.56 to 0.11 | −0.35 | −0.69 to −0.01 | 0.08 | −0.67 to 0.84 | 0.25 | −0.45 to 0.96 |
| Symptom duration | −0.12 | −0.27 to 0.04 | −0.11 | −0.27 to 0.06 | 0.01 | −0.26 to 0.28 | 0.11 | −0.15 to 0.37 |
| Positive RF | −0.17 | −0.49 to 0.15 | −0.13 | −0.46 to 0.20 | 0.25 | −0.31 to 0.81 | 0.05 | −0.49 to 0.58 |
| Positive anti-CCP | −0.22 | −0.56 to 0.13 | −0.35 | −0.70 to 0.00 | 0.27 | −0.34 to 0.87 | 0.21 | −0.33 to 0.75 |
| DAS28 | 0.08 | −0.08 to 0.24 | −0.03 | −0.20 to 0.14 | −0.18 | −0.42 to 0.06 | −0.09 | −0.33 to 0.14 |
| HAQ | −0.02 | −0.18 to 0.14 | −0.08 | −0.24 to 0.08 | −0.14 | −0.42 to 0.13 | −0.08 | −0.34 to 0.19 |
| ESR | −0.03 | −0.18 to 0.13 | −0.03 | −0.20 to 0.13 | −0.15 | −0.41 to 0.11 | −0.11 | −0.36 to 0.13 |
| CRP >median | −0.12 | −0.44 to 0.19 | −0.11 | −0.44 to 0.21 | −0.03 | −0.55 to 0.50 | 0.02 | −0.48 to 0.52 |
| VAS pain | 0.08 | −0.09 to 0.24 | −0.02 | −0.19 to 0.15 | −0.07 | −0.31 to 0.18 | −0.02 | −0.25 to 0.21 |
| VAS global | 0.03 | −0.13 to 0.19 | −0.06 | −0.22 to 0.10 | −0.17 | −0.44 to 0.09 | −0.17 | −0.42 to 0.08 |
| Erosions | −0.34 | −0.80 to 0.12 | −0.29 | −0.76 to 0.18 | 0.33 | −0.35 to 1.01 | −0.32 | −0.96 to 0.32 |
| Corticosteroids | 0.13 | −0.20 to 0.46 | 0.12 | −0.22 to 0.46 | −0.04 | −0.57 to 0.49 | 0.13 | −0.36 to 0.63 |
| Calcium & D-vitamin | −0.02 | −0.37 to 0.32 | −0.16 | −0.51 to 0.18 | 0.25 | −0.38 to 0.88 | −0.09 | −0.69 to 0.51 |
| Bisphosphonates | −0.36 | −1.17 to 0.45 | −0.39 | −1.20 to 0.42 | NA | NA | ||
| HRT | 0.41 | −0.03 to 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.18 to 1.06 | NA | NA | ||
There were no men with treatment with bisphosphonates (or HRT) at baseline. Bold text indicates significant associations.
*Mixed linear effect models; estimated mean differences over time (Z-scores), per SD or positive versus negative.
anti-CCP, anticyclic citrullinated protein; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; NA, not applicable; RF, rheumatoid factor; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.