Table 1.
The Multifunctionality of Interleukin-10 in Organ Fibrosis
| Organ | Fibrotic Disease Processes | Role of IL-10 | References/Reviews |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | Normal scarring, hypertrophic scarring, SSc, psoriasis | Beneficial | 16,21–23,103,104 |
| Normal scarring, hypertrophic scarring, SSc | Maladaptive | 105,106 | |
| Heart | Systolic and diastolic HF, cardiac fibrosis (post-MI, isoproterenol-induced), autoimmune myocarditis | Beneficial | 3,7,30,33,36,107 |
| Diastolic HF | Maladaptive | 37 | |
| Lung | PF (idiopathic, bleomycin-induced), ILD, SSc, ARDS, sarcoidosis, PH (monocrotaline- and bleomycin-induced, CDH-associated), environmental exposures (e.g., silicosis, asbestosis), airway hypersensitivity/hypersensitivity pneumonitis | Beneficial | 46–48,58,61,64,108 |
| PF, PH | Maladaptive | 44,50,109 | |
| Liver | NAFLD, acute hepatitis (ConA-, CCl4-, and LPS-induced), viral hepatitis, cirrhosis (thiocetamide- and CCl4-induced, autoimmune), ALD (LPS- and endotoxin-induced, infectious) | Beneficial | 110–119 |
| Intestine | IBD, stricturing disease (postoperative/postinfectious) | Beneficial | 13,65,66,68–70,73,74,78,120,121 |
| IBD | Maladaptive | 76,77,79 | |
| Pancreas | Acute pancreatitis (cerulean-induced), CP, PDAC, NAFPD | Beneficial | 122–128 |
| CP, PDAC | Maladaptive | 10,129–132 | |
| Kidney | TIF/obstructive nephropathy (UUO-mediated), GS, GN, AKI (ischemia-induced), SSc, environmental exposures (e.g., tobacco), chronic renal allograft rejection, diabetic microvascular disease | Beneficial | 89,91–96,98,100 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; ALD, acute liver disease; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CCl4, carbon tetrachloride; CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia; ConA, concanavalin A; CP, chronic pancreatitis; GN, glomerulonephritis; GS, glomerulosclerosis; HF, heart failure; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IL-10, interleukin-10; ILD, interstitial lung disease; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MI, myocardial infarction; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFPD, nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease; NOS, not otherwise specified; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PF, pulmonary fibrosis; PH, pulmonary hypertension; SSc, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma); TIF, tubulointerstitial fibrosis; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction.