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. 2020 Feb 14;30(2):300–313. doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0366

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Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

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FIG. 5. — Total knockout of TRs alters skeletal development and ossification at the climax of metamorphosis. (A) Representative photos of a WT (TRα ^(+/+)TRβ ^(+/+)) (left panel) and TRα ^(−/−)TRβ ^(−/−) (right panel) tadpoles at stage 61. The tadpoles were allowed to develop to stage 61 regardless of age and were then photographed. Scale bars: 5 mm. (B) TRα ^(−/−)TRβ ^(−/−) tadpoles have increased ossification and additional ossified vertebrae at the end of the body at stage 61. Alizarin red (for ossification) and Alcian blue (for cartilages) whole mount staining of tadpoles at stage 61. (a) TRα ^(+/+)TRβ ^(+/+) and (b) TRα ^(−/−)TRβ ^(−/−). (a′, b′) are dorsal views and (a′′, b′′) are ventral views of high magnification of the mouth region. (a′′′, b′′′) High magnification of the body. Note the increased ossification in the head region and extra ossified vertebrae (arrow heads in b′′′, b′′′′) at the body–tail junction. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, a′, b, b′), 1 mm (a′′, a′′′, b′′, b′′′), 5 mm (a′′′′, b′′′′). Hc, hypochord; M, maxilla; N, nasal; PS, postsacral vertebra; S, sacral vertebra; Sm, septomaxilla; Tp, transverse process; V, vertebra; VIII, eighth vertebra.