Table 6.
Bleeding risk scores in AF.
| Risk factors | ABC-bleeding (129) | ATRIA bleeding (130) | HAS-BLED (18) | HEMORR 2HAGES (131) | ORBIT (131) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antiplatelets or NSAID use | x | x | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| Excess alcohol | x | x | |||
| Excessive falls risk | x | ||||
| Females | x | ||||
| History of bleeding | x | x | x | x | x |
| Hypertension | x | x | x | ||
| Elderly patients | x | x | x | x | x |
| Malignancy | x | ||||
| Previous stroke | x | x | |||
| Abnormal liver function | x | x | |||
| Abnormal renal function | x | x | x | x | |
| Anemia | x | x | x | x | |
| Labile INR (TTR <60%) | x | ||||
| Raised GDF-15 | x | ||||
| Raised hsTrop | x | ||||
| Reduced platelet count or function | x | ||||
| CYP 2C9 polymorphism | x | ||||
| Total score | 45 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 7 |
CYP, cytochrome P450; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor-15; hsTrop, high-sensitivity troponin; INR, international normalized ratio; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TTR, time-in-therapeutic range.