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(a) Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of the Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 electrode for the first cycle at 0.1 C and the corresponding XPS spectra of Ni 2p and O 1s core at various charge states. (b–c) Representative ELF cross sections of lattice oxygen at pristine and desodiation (charged to 4.2 V) states, respectively. The oxygen lone-pair tends to locate at a position with a high ELF value.
