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. 2020 Feb 21;11:22. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00022

Table 4.

Comparing time estimation results with two previous studies that used two and three genes for analysis.

Node This study (mya) Gustafsson et al., 2010
(Two genes, stem age, mya)
Givnish et al., 2015
(Three genes, stem age, mya)
Orchidaceae 99.20
(83.78–114.92)
104 111.38
Apostasioideae 79.91
(59.65–99.00)
77 89.46
Vanilloideae Vanilloideae 69.84
(52.59–89.63)
69 83.6
Pogonieae 57.52
(37.88–77.68)
57 77.81
Vanilleae 57.52
(37.88–77.68)
57 77.81
Cypripedioideae 64.97
(48.54–84.93)
71 76.43
Orchidoideae Orchidoideae 59.16
(43.99–78.66)
61 63.99
Orchideae 46.64
(29.49–66.26)
33 54.39
Diurideae 37.59
(23.13–57.30)
48 48.24
Cranichideae 37.59
(23.13–57.30)
48 48.24
Epidendroideae Epidendroideae 59.16
(43.99–78.66)
61 63.99
Neottieae 55.06
(40.55–73.82)
49 48.05
Sobralieae 51.46
(37.65–69.44)
43 43.33
Nervilieae 38.27
(27.59–51.84)
43 40.69
Gastrodieae 38.27
(27.59–51.84)
N/A N/A
Arethuseae 39.57
(27.20–54.68)
33 37.86
Malaxideae 34.95
(24.93–47.40)
35 36.56
Collabieae 32.10
(23.20–44.64)
33 33.76
Epidendreae 29.96
(21.36–41.98)
35 34.08
Cymbideae 28.13
(18.92–39.72)
35 32.67
Vandeae 28.13
(18.92–39.72)
35 32.67