Table 1.
Demographics, Comorbidities, and Characteristics of Infection of the Study Population
| Prephase n = 173 (%) | Postphase n = 195 (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) (mean [± SD]) | 70 (± 14) | 69 (±15) | .68 |
| Male sex | 99 (57) | 131 (67) | .053 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Previous miocardial infarction | 12 (32) | 31 (35) | .80 |
| COPD | 9 (24) | 23 (27) | .82 |
| Moderate or severe chronic renal failure | 35 (20) | 56 (29) | .07 |
| Diabetes | 32 (18) | 42 (21) | .51 |
| with organ damage | 15 (9) | 24 (12) | .31 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 24 (14) | 23 (12) | .63 |
| Malignancy | 35 (20) | 52 (27) | .17 |
| Leukemia | 17 (10) | 10 (5) | .11 |
| Metastatic solid malignancy | 16 (9) | 32 (16) | .04 |
| McCabe and Jackson score | .94 | ||
| 1 | 35 (20) | 40 (20) | |
| 2 | 90 (52) | 97 (50) | |
| 3 | 48 (28) | 58 (29) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 7 (5–9) | 7 (5–10) | .17 |
| Immunosuppresion | 41 (23) | 44 (23) | .80 |
| Neutropenia | 23 (13) | 18 (9) | .24 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 12 (7) | 15 (8) | .84 |
| Steroids | 6 (3) | 18 (9) | .03 |
| Biological therapies | 11 (6) | 9 (5) | .49 |
| Ward of attendance | .092 | ||
| Medical ward | 121 (70) | 129 (66) | |
| Surgical ward | 25 (14) | 34 (17) | |
| Hematology | 14 (8) | 7 (4) | |
| ICU | 13 (7) | 25 (13) | |
| Length of in-hospital stay, median (IQR), days | 25 (13–51) | 30 (17–51) | .11 |
| BSI characteristics | |||
| Acquisition | .029 | ||
| Community-acquired | 44 (25) | 33 (17) | |
| Healthcare-associated | 15 (9) | 33 (17) | |
| Hospital-acquired | 116 (65) | 129 (66) | |
| Time between admission and BSI, median (IQR), days | 8 (1–25) | 8 (1–23) | .91 |
| Severity | .088 | ||
| Severe sepsis | 37 (21) | 28 (14) | |
| Septic shock | 14 (8) | 9 (5) | |
| Pitt bacteremia score | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | .15 |
| Source | |||
| Primary | 49 (28) | 52 (27) | .72 |
| Intra-abdominal | 67 (39) | 67 (34) | .38 |
| Urinary tract | 31 (18) | 34 (17) | .90 |
| Catheter-related | 21 (12) | 32 (16) | .24 |
| Other sourcea | 5 (4) | 10 (5) | .57 |
| Endocarditis | 17 (10) | 19 (10) | .99 |
| Microbiology | |||
| Enterococcus faecalis | 97 (56) | 109 (55) | .97 |
| Enterococcus faecium | 52 (30) | 77 (39) | .06 |
| Other enterococci | 23 (13) | 9 (5) | .01 |
| Ampicillin-resistant strain | 80 (46) | 81 (41) | .40 |
| HLAR | 27 (14) | 20 (10) | .26 |
| VRE | 4 (2) | 1(1) | .19 |
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HLAR, high-level aminoglycoside resistance; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
aSurgical site infection (n = 12), skin and soft tissue infection (n = 5).