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. 2020 Feb 24;16:557–570. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S245282

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© 2020 Xu et al.

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The expression levels of Gln–Glu–GABA cycle-related key transporters or enzymes in the striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. (A) A simplified schematic of the Gln–Glu–GABA cycle in the brain. (B–J) The expression levels of Gln–Glu–GABA cycle-related key transporters or enzymes. Data are displayed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 5 per group), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: GLT1 (for SLC1a2), glutamate transporter 1; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; GS, glutamine synthetase; GLS, glutaminase; SNAT (for SLC38a), sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter; mGLUR, metabotropic glutamate receptors; vGLUT1 (for SLC17a7), vesicular glutamate transporter-1; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylases; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GABRA, γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor; α-KG, alpha-ketoglutaric acid; TCA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; OAA, oxaloacetic acid; GAT, GABA transporter; 4-ABAT, 4-aminobutyric acid transaminase; SSADH, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; VGAT (for SLC32a1), vesicular GABA transporter.