Table 2.
Age Standardized Weighted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Health Metrics Among US Adults-NHANES 2007–2016
| NHANES 2007–2010* | NHANES 2011–2012* | NHANES 2013–2014* | NHANES 2015–2016* | Trend P value† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Health‡ | No. | Prevalence (95% CI) | No. | Prevalence (95% CI) | No. | Prevalence (95% CI) | No. | Prevalence (95% CI) | Linear | Quadratic |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Current | 920 | 21 (19–22) | 395 | 19 (16–23) | 410 | 19 (15–23) | 392 | 19 (16–22) | 0.87 | 0.46 |
| Former | 433 | 11 (10–12) | 190 | 10 (7–12) | 206 | 10 (8–12) | 219 | 13 (10–16) | 0.12 | 0.33 |
| Never | 3016 | 68 (66–71) | 1427 | 71 (67–74) | 1486 | 71 (67–75) | 1406 | 68 (64–72) | 0.33 | 0.21 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||||||
| None | 1198 | 22 (20–24) | 460 | 21 (17–25) | 530 | 24 (23–26) | 547 | 21 (18–25) | 0.66 | 0.16 |
| Intermediate | 1002 | 25 (23–27) | 521 | 25 (21–30) | 546 | 27 (24–30) | 483 | 26 (23–30) | 0.48 | 0.29 |
| Ideal | 2169 | 53 (50–55) | 1031 | 54 (50–57) | 1026 | 49 (46–52) | 987 | 52 (50–55) | 0.19 | 0.04 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| ≥30 | 1624 | 34 (32–36) | 731 | 35 (31–39) | 782 | 37 (35–39) | 821 | 41 (36–45) | 0.005 | 0.50 |
| 25–29.9 | 1507 | 34 (32–36) | 652 | 34 (31–36) | 673 | 33 (31–36) | 654 | 32 (30–34) | 0.27 | 0.94 |
| <25 | 1238 | 32 (30–34) | 629 | 31 (27–36) | 647 | 30 (27–33) | 542 | 27 (23–31) | 0.03 | 0.62 |
| Healthy Diet Score | ||||||||||
| 0–1 components | 3353 | 78 (77–80) | 1510 | 78 (75–82) | 1649 | 79 (77–82) | 1522 | 79 (76–82) | 0.50 | 0.55 |
| ≥2 components | 1016 | 22 (20–23) | 502 | 22 (18–24) | 453 | 21 (18–23) | 495 | 21 (18–24) | ||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| >240 | 579 | 13 (12–14) | 215 | 11 (9–13) | 227 | 11 (9–13) | 248 | 13 (10–15) | 0.91 | 0.09 |
| 200–239 | 1796 | 39 (36–41) | 862 | 44 (41–47) | 852 | 40 (36–45) | 834 | 39 (36–43) | 0.27 | 0.50 |
| <200 | 1994 | 48 (46–50) | 935 | 45 (42–49) | 1023 | 48 (44–53) | 935 | 48 (44–52) | 0.24 | 0.76 |
| Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||||||
| ≥140/≥90 | 641 | 11 (10–12) | 273 | 11 (10–13) | 284 | 12 (9–14) | 338 | 13 (11–15) | 0.21 | 0.96 |
| 120–139/80–89 | 1618 | 36 (34–38) | 801 | 40 (37–43) | 751 | 34 (31–38) | 798 | 39 (36–43) | 0.64 | 0.23 |
| <120–80 | 2110 | 53 (50–56) | 938 | 49 (45–52) | 1067 | 54 (51–57) | 881 | 48 (43–52) | 0.76 | 0.15 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| ≥126 | 517 | 8 (7–9) | 240 | 9 (6–11) | 237 | 10 (8–12) | 309 | 12 (10–14) | 0.003 | 0.40 |
| 100–125 | 1867 | 42 (40–44) | 786 | 39 (37–42) | 788 | 35 (31–38) | 926 | 46 (42–51) | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| <100 | 1985 | 50 (47–53) | 986 | 52 (49–55) | 1077 | 55 (51–60) | 782 | 42 (37–46) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular Health§ | 4364 | 8.18 (8.07–8.29) | 2012 | 8.23 (8.06–8.40) | 2100 | 8.19 (8.04–8.34) | 2012 | 7.94 (7.73–8.16) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Number of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics | ||||||||||
| 0 | 116 | 2 (1–3) | 53 | 2 (2–3) | 55 | 2 (2–3) | 59 | 3 (2–4) | 0.47 | 0.79 |
| 1 | 601 | 11 (10–13) | 290 | 15 (12–17) | 273 | 12 (11–14) | 331 | 16 (12–19) | 0.22 | 0.76 |
| 2 | 1095 | 23 (21–25) | 454 | 20 (18–23) | 483 | 22 (19–25) | 555 | 26 (22–29) | 0.13 | 0.27 |
| 3 | 1183 | 27 (25–29) | 512 | 25 (23–28) | 506 | 24 (21–27) | 501 | 24 (21–27) | 0.10 | 0.18 |
| 4 | 817 | 21 (19–23) | 382 | 20 (18–23) | 436 | 22 (19–25) | 319 | 18 (15–21) | 0.39 | 0.35 |
| 5 | 435 | 12 (10–13) | 239 | 12 (10–15) | 266 | 13 (11–15) | 198 | 11 (8–13) | 0.71 | 0.17 |
| ≥6 | 122 | 4 (3–5) | 82 | 4 (3–6) | 83 | 5 (3–6) | 54 | 3 (1–5) | 0.47 | 0.11 |
CI = confidence interval; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; No. = number.
Direct method for age standardization was performed using the US 2000 census population age-groups 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥70 years or older.
The orthogonal polynomial model including age groups, race, sex, insurance status, number of health care visits, and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used to assess the linear and quadratic trend P value across the survey years.
All the participants 20 years or older with available cardiovascular health metrics were included.
Age, sex, race, and insurance status-adjusted mean cardiovascular health metric with 95% CI from NAHNES 2007–2016.