TABLE 2.

Production of multiple carbapenemases in the same Gram-negative pathogen, excluding Acinetobacter spp.

Carbapenemase class			Producing organism	No. of isolates	Yr of isolation	Location	Reference
Class A	Class B	Class D
KPC-2	IMP-8 or IMP-10	NDa	S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa	7	2009–2011	Brazil, Puerto Rico	362, 363
KPC-2 or KPC-3 or KPC-17	NDM-1	ND	C. freundii, E. cloacae, Enterobacter hormaechei, K. pneumoniae	9	2010–2016	Brazil, China, Colombia, India, USA	245, 364–370
KPC-2 or KPC-3 or KPC-18	VIM-1 or VIM-type	ND	C. freundii, E. cloacae, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae	36	2008–2017	Greece, Spain, USA	304, 327, 328, 368, 371, 372
KPC-type	VIM-type	ND	K. pneumoniae	50	2013–2018	Greece	228, 305
KPC-3, SME-1	ND	ND	S. marcescens	3	2015	USA	373
KPC-2 or KPC-3, NMC-1	ND	ND	K. pneumoniae	4	2013–2017	Malaysia, USA	369, 374, 375
KPC-2, NMC-1	ND	OXA-48	K. pneumoniae	1	2013	Malaysia, USA	374
KPC-type	ND	OXA-48	K. pneumoniae	7	2013–2014	Malaysia, Taiwan	304, 374, 376
ND	IMP-4, VIM-2	ND	S. marcescens	15	2015	Egypt	292
ND	IMP-4 or IMP-8, NDM-1	ND	K. pneumoniae	6	2013	China, Malaysia	226, 374
ND	NDM-1 or NDM-type	OXA-48 or OXA-48-like	C. freundii, E. cloacae, Enterobacter ludwigii, E. coli, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae	91	2007–2018	Belgium, England, France, Romania, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, USA	215, 246, 297, 304, 377–387
ND	NDM-type, VIM-type	OXA-48	K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp.	2	2011, 2018	USA, Vietnam	329, 370
ND	NDM-1 or NDM-5 or NDM-7	OXA-181	E. coli, K. pneumoniae	15	2010–2017	Belgium, Canada, Egypt, India, Norway, South Korea, Sri Lanka	388–395
ND	NDM-1	OXA-232	K. pneumoniae	4	2012–2018	India, South Korea, USA	361, 396, 397
ND	VIM-type	OXA-48-type	C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae	22	2006–2016	Egypt, France, India, Kuwait, Spain, Turkey	6, 244, 246, 370, 378, 383, 398

^aND, not detected.