Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Parameter | Historical cohort (n = 273) | Intervention cohort (n = 91) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matching parameter demographics | |||
| Age (years)a | 58 (48–68) | 58 (46–70) | 0.711 |
| Male genderb | 134 (49.1) | 49 (53.8) | 0.431 |
| Medicare payerc | 134 (49.1) | 43 (47.3) | 0.935 |
| Medicaid payerc | 97 (35.5) | 36 (39.5) | |
| Commercial payerc | 32 (11.7) | 10 (10.9) | |
| Self-pay or government payerc | 9 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Rural countyb | 33 (12.1) | 9 (9.8) | 0.262 |
| Urban areab | 105 (38.5) | 28 (30.8) | |
| Urban clusterb | 135 (49.5) | 54 (59.3) | |
| Non-matching parameter demographics | |||
| Chronic kidney diseaseb | 41 (15.0) | 11 (12.1) | 0.489 |
| Cirrhosisb | 40 (14.7) | 8 (8.8) | 0.152 |
| Matching critical illness parameters and comorbidities | |||
| Cumulative fluid balance at furosemide start (mL)a | 2243 (0–5381) | 1411 (− 124–4438) | 0.161 |
| Vasopressor utilization prior to furosemideb,d | 119 (43.6) | 49 (53.8) | 0.89 |
| Time MV prior to furosemide (hours)a | 45.5 (22–83) | 52 (30.5–104) | 0.155 |
| Diagnostic-related group weighta | 5.1 (2.3–5.9) | 5.6 (2.4–6.3) | 0.167 |
| Prior SCr to furosemide (mg/dL)a | 0.96 (0.74–1.29) | 0.95 (0.75–1.44) | 0.598 |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score a | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.875 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseb | 64 (23.4) | 25 (27.5) | 0.439 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndromec | 16 (5.9) | 3 (3.3) | 0.425 |
| From emergency department (ED)c | 65 (23.8) | 14 (15.4) | 0.301 |
| From outside hospitalc | 96 (35.2) | 39 (42.9) | |
| From outside hospital via EDc | 62 (22.7) | 25 (27.5) | |
| From other intensive care unitc | 5 (1.8) | 2 (2.2) | |
| From floorb | 45 (16.5) | 11 (12.1) | |
MV mechanical ventilation
aWilcoxon rank sum, median (interquartile range)
bChi-square test; number (percentage)
cFisher’s exact, number (percentage)
dVasopressors including norepinephrine, epinephrine, or vasopressin