Table 3.
Clinical outcomes
| Parameter | Historical cohort (n = 273) | Intervention cohort (n = 91) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| 72 h fluid balance (mL)d | 265 (− 2283–3025) | − 2257 (− 5676–920) | < 0.0001 |
| 48-h fluid balance (mL) d | 309 (− 1267–2434) | − 1799(− 3884–1092) | < 0.0001 |
| 24-h fluid balance (mL)a | 101 (− 963–1622) | − 692 (− 1833–697) | 0.0002 |
| Ventilator-free days (days) a | 19 (10–22) | 20 (15–23) | 0.098 |
| Overall adverse eventb,e | 74 (27.1) | 37 (40.6) | 0.015 |
| Ventilator days (days) a | 8 (5–13) | 5 (5–12) | 0.441 |
| Furosemide to extubation (hours) a | 70 (24–147) | 58 (23–122) | 0.282 |
| Re-intubation rateb | 57 (20.8) | 17 (18.6) | 0.652 |
| ICU-free days (days) a | 17 (7–21) | 19 (13–22) | 0.030 |
| ICU days (days) a | 8.6 (6.2–13.5) | 8.1 (5.9–12.8) | 0.513 |
| In-hospital mortalityc | 44 (16.1) | 5 (5.5) | 0.008 |
| Safety outcomes | |||
| Bolus administration after furosemidec | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.576 |
| Vasopressor administration after furosemideb | 65 (23.8) | 19 (20.9) | 0.566 |
| Tachyarrhythmiab | 50 (18.3) | 15 (16.4) | 0.693 |
| In-hospital mortalityc | 44 (16.1) | 5 (5.5) | 0.008 |
| RRT receipt in ICUc | 17 (6.2) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| RRT dependence at dischargec | 14 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0.025 |
| Acute kidney injuryf | 62 (22.7) | 22 (24.2) | 0.775 |
| Hypokalemiac | 0 | 3 (3.3) | 0.015 |
| Hypernatremiab | 19 (6.9) | 19 (20.9) | 0.001 |
| Metabolic alkalosisc | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
aWilcoxon rank sum, median (interquartile range)
bChi-square test; number (percentage)
cFisher’s exact, number (percentage)
dStudent’s t test, average (standard deviation)
eOverall adverse event; serum creatinine rise, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, or metabolic alkalosis
fAcute kidney injury; serum creatinine 1.5 times baseline serum creatinine, serum creatinine increase of at least 0.3 mg/dL