Table 2. Outcome measures.
| Outcome measure (subjects per group HAL/CONV) | HAL | CONV | Between groups (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independence in walking (FAC) | |||
| FAC T1 (16/16) | 0 [0;1] | 0 [0;1] | 1.000 |
| FAC T2 (16/16) | 2 [1.25;3] | 2.5 [1.25;3] | |
| FAC T3 (16/14) | 4 [3;5] | 4 [2.75;5] | |
| ΔT1-T2 (16/16) | 2 [1;2.75] | 2 [1;3] | 0.926 |
| ΔT2-T3 (16/14) | 2 [1;2] | 1.5 [0.75;2.25] | 0.473 |
| ΔT1-T3 (16/14) | 4 [3;4.75] | 4 [2.75;4] | 0.728 |
| Balance (BBS) | |||
| BBS T1 (16/16) | 8 [5.25;12.75] | 8 [5.25;14.75] | 0.696 |
| BBS T2 (16/16) | 22 [10.25;40.25] | 22.5 [11.5;35] | |
| BBS T3 (16/14) | 45 [29.75;52] | 45.5 [25.75;53.25] | |
| ΔT1-T2 (16/16) | 8.5 [6;31.75] | 14 [4.25;20] | 0.780 |
| ΔT2-T3 (16/14) | 15.5 [3;27.25] | 18 [6.75;25.5] | 0.886 |
| ΔT1-T3 (16/14) | 34.5 [17.75;41,5] | 32.5 [19.75;41.25] | 0.918 |
| Motor function (FMA-motor) | |||
| FMA T1 (16/16) | 7.5 [4;13.5] | 7.5 [4;17.75] | 0.590 |
| FMA T2 (16/16) | 14 [5.25;21.5] | 14.5 [4.25;27] | |
| FMA T3 (16/14) | 21 [13.25;25.25] | 15.5 [11;29.5] | |
| ΔT1-T2 (16/16) | 3 [2;9.75] | 1 [-0.75;6.75] | 0.224 |
| ΔT2-T3 (16/14) | 4 [2;7.5] | 2 [0.75;9.25] | 0.355 |
| ΔT1-T3 (16/14) | 12 [5.5;15] | 7 [3;17.25] | 0.580 |
| Activities of Daily Living (BI) | |||
| BI T1 (16/16) | 35 [30;50] | 40 [35;45] | 0.590 |
| BI T2 (16/16) | 60 [42.5;65] | 57.5 [45;65] | |
| BI T3 (16/14) | 90 [71.25;98.75] | 90 [62.5;96.25] | |
| ΔT1-T2 (16/16) | 20 [15;28.75] | 12.5 [10;25] | 0.149 |
| ΔT2-T3 (16/14) | 27.5 [11.25;38.75] | 30 [17.5;35] | 0.854 |
| ΔT1-T3 (16/14) | 45 [40;58.75] | 47.5 [28.75;55] | 0.525 |
| Walking speed/endurance (2MWT) | |||
| 2MWT T1 (16/16) | 4 [0;7] | 2 [0;13.625] | 0.926 |
| 2MWT T2 (16/16) | 20.75 [8.5;44.75] | 20.75 [7.25;60.25] | |
| 2MWT T3 (16/14) | 39.5 [26.5;108.125] | 69.5 [21.875;137.125] | |
| ΔT1-T2 (16/16) | 14.75 [8.375;38] | 12.5 [7.125;51] | 0.838 |
| ΔT2-T3 (16/14) | 22.750 [8.25;50.875] | 37 [11.375;79.625] | 0.728 |
| ΔT1-T3 (16/14) | 35.75 [26.5;101.125] | 68.5 [21.5;121.625] | 0.728 |
Values presented as median and inter-quartile range [IQR]. HAL: HAL training group; CONV: Conventional gait training group; FAC: Functional Ambulation Categories; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; FMA: Fugl-Meyer Assessment; BI: Barthel Index; 2MWT: 2 Minute Walk Test; T1: time point 1 (Baseline); T2: time point 2 (after intervention); T3: time point 3 (6 months post stroke); Δ: change. P-values according to the Mann-Whitney U-test.