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. 2020 Feb 18;9:e51546. doi: 10.7554/eLife.51546

Figure 2. Characterization of the secreted rosette-stimulating factors.

Figure 2.

(A) Rosetting of clinical isolates (Pf: n = 11, Pv: n = 9) post-incubation with whole CSMT (paired t-test Pf: p=0.0001; Pv: p=0.0017) and its aqueous (Pf: p<0.0001; Pv: p=0.0002) and lipid (Pf: p=0.0954; Pv: p=0.0905) fractions. (B, C) Pf (n = 9) and Pv (n = 22) rosetting post-incubation with CMST aqueous fractions of different sizes. From one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, both smaller-size (Pf: p<0.0001; Pv: p<0.0001) and larger-size (Pf: p=0.0007; Pv: p<0.0001) fractions significantly stimulated rosetting, with the smaller-size fraction exerting higher rosette-stimulation than the larger-size fraction (Pf: p=0.0005; Pv: p<0.0001). (D) Effect of heating on rosette-stimulation by the CMST aqueous ≤30 kDa fraction. The experiment was conducted with laboratory-adapted P. falciparum (n = 4). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test: the unheated (p<0.0001) and heat-denatured (Δ) fractions (p=0.0236) stimulated rosetting, with the unheated fraction exerting higher stimulation than the heated fraction (p=0.0009). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.