Fig 3.

Illustrative case comparing the 3D target-object-creation results in a glioblastoma, obtained on MPRAGE, SPACE, or VIBE images (see the text and Fig 1 for method explanation). There is a clear difference among the MPRAGE (A), SPACE (B), and VIBE (C) conspicuities at the level of the faintly enhancing inferolateral border of the lesion (arrows), which is better represented on the SPACE and VIBE images, compared with MPRAGE. This part of the tumor is not included in the MPRAGE lesion segmentation (D); however, it is captured completely on SPACE (E) and partially on VIBE (F) images. The tractographic reconstruction of the optic radiation trajectory (G, in red) demonstrates the close proximity of the tumor to this tract (empty arrow). The black arrows in D and F indicate some thin areas of tumor margin overestimation on MPRAGE and VIBE, respectively, which are not seen on SPACE images. Images were acquired after 5 minutes from contrast injection in the following order: MPRAGE, VIBE, and SPACE.