Fig. 6. Holdemanella biformis is the equivalent of F. PB1 in humans.

a, Shannon diversity index in fecal DNA from healthy donors (n = 61) and large adenoma (n = 15) patients and abundance of the family Erysipelotrichaceae. Box plots show the interquartile range, median value and whiskers min to max. b, Abundance of the undefined genus Erysipelotrichaceae noname and of the species Holdemanella biformis. At each taxonomic level, a two-tailed Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test comparing relative abundances of large adenoma (n = 15) and control samples (n = 61) was applied. P-values obtained at family and genus taxonomic levels were corrected for multiple hypothesis testing using the Benjamin-Hochberg procedure. c, A high-quality phylogeny of the Erysipelotrichaceae family and the F. PB1 isolate. d, Quantification of SCFAs in the broth fermented by Holdemanella biformis (H. biformis SUP) by UPLC-MS. Data from two independent experiments (n = 2 biologically independent experiments). e, Representative WB from two to three independent experiments performed with consistent results showing the effect of SCFAs MIX, F. PB1 SUP, H. biformis SUP on H3K27 acetylation and NFATc3 expression in human CRC cell lines. Cells not treated (NT) or treated with non-fermented medium (Veh) as a control. Vinculin used as loading control. Densitometric analysis is reported in Extended Data Fig. 8b. f,g, 11 weeks old Apc^Min/+ mice treated with Veh or H. biformis SUP in the presence of antibiotics (ABX) (n = 5 mice/group). f, Tumor multiplicity in the small intestine normalized to vehicle treated Apc^Min/+ mice. g, Area and maximum diameter of ileal dysplastic lesions normalized to the total number lesions per mouse. Box plots show the interquartile range, median value and whiskers min to max. h, Representative WB from two (H. biformis SUP) to three (F. PB1 SUP) independent experiments performed with consistent results showing the effect of F. PB1 SUP or H. biformis SUP on H3K27 acetylation and NFATc3 expression in ex-vivo treated human colon tumor samples (hCRC). Bar plots show the densitometric quantification of NFATc3 (normalized to vinculin) and H3K27 acetylation (normalized to total H3) (H. biformis SUP, n = 2; F. PB1 SUP, n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Data are represented as means ± s.e.m. in a,b,d,f-h. P values were evaluated using two-tailed unpaired Mann Whitney test (a,f,g right panel) and two-tailed unpaired t-test (g left panel, h).