Table 1.
Overview of Clinical Characteristics
| All Patients N = 128 (100%) |
BAV/TAA N = 49 (38%) |
TAV/TAA N = 51 (40%) |
ATAAD N = 28 (22%) |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Repair to CPX, mo | 2.9 (1.8,3.5) | 2.2 (1.7,3.2) | 2.5 (1.7,3.4) | 3.6 (2.8,4.4) | 0.001c |
| Age, yr | 59 (48,66) | 57 (47,65) | 64 (55,72) | 52 (44,60) | 0.001b,d |
| Male | 113 (88) | 46 (94) | 43 (84) | 24 (86) | 0.29 |
| Aortic valve indications | |||||
| Aortic insufficiency, mod-to-severe | 59 (47) | 22 (45) | 26 (51) | 11 (41) | 0.66 |
| Aortic stenosis, mod-to-severe | 27 (21) | 24 (49) | 3 (6) | 0 | <0.0001b,c |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 50 (39) | 49 (38) | 0 | 1 (4) | <0.0001b,c |
| Calcification | 30 (23) | 19 (39) | 11 (22) | 0 | 0.0005c,d |
| Thoracic aortic aneurysm | |||||
| Root | 86 (67) | 26 (53) | 41 (80) | 19 (68) | 0.01b |
| Ascending | 112 (88) | 47 (96) | 41 (80) | 24 (86) | 0.06 |
| Arch | 46 (36) | 11 (23) | 14 (28) | 21 (75) | <0.0001b,d |
| Descending | 16 (13) | 0 | 3 (6) | 13 (46) | <0.0001b,d |
| Max diameter, cm | 5.2 (4.7,5.5) | 5.1 (4.6,5.4) | 5.3 (4.9,5.6) | 5.1 (4.5,5.5) | 0.15 |
| Risk Factors | |||||
| HTN | 89 (70) | 32 (65) | 34 (67) | 23 (82) | 0.25 |
| Dyslipidemia | 61 (48) | 30(61) | 23 (45) | 8 (29) | 0.02c |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 12 (9) | 1 (2) | 5 (10) | 6 (21) | 0.02c |
| Smoking history (former or current) | 55 (43) | 20 (43) | 21 (43) | 14 (50) | 0.79 |
| Chronic lung disease | 13 (10) | 6 (12) | 6 (12) | 1 (4) | 0.52 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (7.0) | 3 (6.1) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (11) | 0.74 |
| Coronary artery disease | 26 (20) | 9(18) | 16(31) | 1(3.6) | 0.012d |
| Previous cardiac intervention e | 2 (18) | 12 (25) | 8 (16) | 3 (11) | 0.27 |
| Medications | |||||
| ACE-I | 31 (27) | 8 (16) | 12 (24) | 11 (39) | 0.08 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 17 (13) | 1 (2) | 6 (12) | 10 (36) | 0.0001c,d |
| ARB | 12 (10) | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 6 (21) | 0.06 |
| ß-Blocker | 118 (92) | 45 (92) | 46 (90) | 27 (96) | 0.64 |
| Diuretic | 20 (16) | 9 (18) | 8 (16) | 3 (11) | 0.67 |
| Any anti-HTN | 123 (96) | 47 (96) | 48 (94) | 28 (100) | 0.63 |
| Number of HTN | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) | 2 (1,3) | 0.0009c,d |
Data are reported as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
a
Overall p value,
b
BAV/TAA and TAV/TAA are significantly different,
c
BAV/TAA and ATAAD are significantly different,
d
TAV/TAA and ATAAD are significantly different
e
Include coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve repair/replacement, other cardiac procedure, etc.
Abbreviations: ATAAD, acute type A aortic dissection; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; CPX, cardiopulmonary exercise test; HTN, hypertension; TAA, thoracic aortic aneurysm; TAV, tricuspid aortic valve.