Table 3.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Outcomes
| All Patients N=128 (100%) |
BAV/TAA N=49 (38%) |
TAV/TAA N=51 (40%) |
ATAAD N=28 (22%) |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | 90 (80,104) | 93 (84,106) | 89 (78,101) | 85 (83,96) | 0.17 |
| Body mass index, kg.m−2 | 28.0 (26.2,31.6) | 29.9 (26.3,33.6) | 28.0 (26.0,31.3) | 27.4 (26.3,29.9) | 0.25 |
| Resting, supine | |||||
| HR, bpm | 65 (59,73) | 67 (60,76) | 64 (57,71) | 63 (59,70) | 0.21 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 124 (116,138) | 123 (116,132) | 122 (112,134) | 134 (120,145) | 0.03c,d |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77 (70,82) | 77 (68,82) | 76 (72,80) | 77 (70,82) | 0.92 |
| Anaerobic Threshold (AT) | |||||
| VO2 at AT, mL.kg−1.min−1 | 13.1 (11.4,15.2) | 13.6 (12.0,15.8) | 13.0 (11.1,14.9) | 13.1 (11.0,15.4) | 0.44 |
| VE/VCO2 slope at ATe,f | 25.9 (22.2,29.7) | 24.4 (22.1,28.0) | 27.4 (23.8,33.1) | 23.7 (20.8,26.9) | 0.03b,d |
| Peak | |||||
| HR, bpm | 123 (108,142) | 134(113,151) | 118(107,142) | 113(102,132) | 0.01c |
| % predicted, HR | 77 (68,87) | 81 (73,90) | 77 (67,89) | 71(64,77) | 0.002c,d |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 160 (144,172) | 163 (151,175) | 156 (140,170) | 156 (140,180) | 0.23 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70 (62,80) | 70 (62,80) | 71 (64,80) | 70 (62,80) | 0.95 |
| VO2peak, mL.kg−1min−1 | 19.2 (15.9,22.9) | 20.3 (16.2,24.0) | 18.9 (15.9,22.5) | 18.7 (16.1,20.4) | 0.43 |
| Predicted VO2peak-FRIEND | 29.5 (26.4, 34.8) | 29.3 (27.3, 33.2) | 27.8 (23.2, 30.9) | 33.9 (27.7, 38.5) | 0.008d |
| % predicted, VO2peak-FRIEND | 64 (55,76) | 68 (57, 79) | 67 (58, 83) | 60 (47, 65) | 0.006c,d |
| Oxygen pulse | 14.5 (12.0,16.6) | 14.5 (12.8,17.0) | 14.0 (11.9,16.6) | 15.0 (11.9,16.5) | 0.55 |
| VE/VCO2 slopef | 28.3 (24.2,32.8) | 26.6 (24.0, 30.5) | 31.6 (27.2,34.5) | 25.0 (22.9,31.4) | 0.0008b,d |
| METs | 5.5 (4.5,6.5) | 5.8 (4.6,6.8) | 5.4 (4.5,6.4) | 5.3 (4.6,5.8) | 0.43 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio | 1.16 (1.09,1.24) | 1.19 (1.09,1.26) | 1.17 (1.10,1.25) | 1.12 (1.01,1.21) | 0.07 |
| Exercise test duration, sec | 600 (480,720) | 606 (540,720) | 600 (480,720) | 540 (427,685) | 0.13 |
| Recovery | |||||
| 1 min-HR, bpm | 12 (7,16) | 12(8,15) | 10(7,15) | 13(8,17) | 0.37 |
| % abnormal, 1 min-HR | 66 (52) | 25 (51) | 31 (63) | 10 (36) | 0.09 |
| Aortic insufficiency, mod-to-severe | 2 (2) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 1 (3.6) | 0.23 |
| LVEF, % | 50 (50,60) | 50 (50,60) | 50 (50,60) | 60 (50,60) | 0.03c |
Data are reported as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
a
Overall p value,
b
BAV/TAA and TAV/TAA are significantly different,
c
BAV/TAA and ATAAD are significantly different,
d
TAV/TAA and ATAAD are significantly different
e
Slope from the start of exercise through AT
f
Slope was calculated using all exercise data (start through VO2peak)
Abbreviations: ATAAD, acute type A aortic dissection; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; BP, bloods pressure; FRIEND, fitness registry and the importance of exercise national database; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MET, metabolic equivalent; TAA, thoracic aortic aneurysm; TAV, tricuspid aortic valve; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption.