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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2019 Aug 30;27(2):388–406. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1661358

Table 2.

OLS regression of self-rated health on religious group involvement

Full Sample
(N=928)
Congregation Members Only
(N=312)


Variable % diff (95% CI) p % diff (95% CI) p
Religious tradition
 Hindu (ref)
 Muslim −2.63 (−8.51, 3.24) .38 −5.41 (−14.62, 3.79) .24
 Jain 6.83 (.14, 13.53) .04 −2.46 (−11.50, 6.58) .59
 Sikh −0.39 (−6.38, 5.59) .89 0.25 (−8.52, 9.02) .95
 Other religion −1.51 (−10.02, 7.00) .72 0.94 (−12.06, 13.93) .86
 Multiple religions 0.06 (−5.65, 5.77) .98 0.88 (−7.13, 8.90) .82
 Nonea 1.57 (−4.03, 7.17) .58 - - -
  F-test .54 .92
Group prayer
 Once/day or more (ref) - - - - - -
 >Once/week 1.35 (−8.07, 10.76) .77 2.61 (−7.96, 13.18) .62
 Once/week −2.81 (−10.19, 4.57) .45 −0.73 (−9.43, 7.97) .86
 Several/month 1.21 (−7.22, 9.63) .75 6.66 (−4.24, 17.56) .23
 Several/year −5.31 (−12.30, 1.68) .13 −2.30 (−11.22, 6.62) .61
 Never −6.43 (−13.70, .83) .08 −5.59 (−15.72, 4.54) .28
  p-trend .02 .25
Religious attendance
 Several/week (ref) - - - - - -
 Once/week 0.40 (−6.86, 7.67) .90 2.37 (−6.70, 11.44) .60
 2-3/month 0.20 (−6.61, 7.02) .95 5.91 (−2.99, 14.82) .19
 Once/month 0.92 (−6.51, 8.35) .80 8.54 (−3.89, 20.97) .17
 Rarelyc 4.94 (−5.48, 15.36) .35 - - -
  p-trend .60 .10
Giving/receiving cong support
 Very Often (ref) - - - - - -
 Fairly often - - - −6.73 (−12.25, −1.21) .01
 Occasional/never - - - −10.72 (−17.08, −4.37) .00
  p-trend .00
Congregation neglect - - - 2.11 (−3.76, 7.97) .47
Congregation criticism - - - −2.97 (−8.30, 2.36) .27
R2 .093 .178

Notes: Models control for age, gender, income, education, full time employment, home ownership, marital status, percent of life in US, language spoken at home, depression and anxiety medication, and alcohol consumption.

a

After deletion of non-congregants, six remaining cases removed from sample

b

After deletion of non-congregants, one remaining case moved from "not at all" to "slightly"

c

After deletion of non-congregants, one remaining case moved from "rarely" to "once/month"