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. 2020 Feb 28;11:1119. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14801-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a While milk ejection increased pups’ oscillatory power in the theta and gamma ranges, these inputs failed to modulate oscillations in the same pups during maltreatment. Left, log LFP power; b LFP power normalized to LFP during nonnutritive nursing (between milk ejections, “baseline”). c Grooming failed to modulate pup cortical oscillations when this occurred within adversity-rearing. Data normalized to baseline are shown in (d) and (e). Specific oscillatory responses to maternal behavior during actual rough handling (i.e., during stepping on pup or dragging pups) differed minimally between the control and adversity-reared conditions, limited to the delta range, shown normalized in (f). g Cortical theta-gamma coupling was more reliably observed during bouts of adversity-rearing. *p < 0.05, ANOVA. Error bars = SEM. Dashed line = no change from baseline (non-nutritive nursing LFP power). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.