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. 2020 Feb 28;10:3738. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60623-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Total bacteria after nisins A, P and H treatments measured by 16 S rDNA qPCR after faecal fermentation at 8 and 24 h. Two concentrations of peptide were tested, 15 µM and 50 µM. Half of the wells received a second dose of the same concentration at 8 h. Results are the mean of duplicate measurements +/− standard deviation. Statistics was conducted with live cells data: a, indicates significant difference between the treatment and the blank at 8 or 24 h; b, indicates significant difference between 15 µM and 50 µM concentrations; c, indicates significant difference between 8 and 24 h within the same nisin treatment (p < 0.05).