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. 2020 Feb 28;3:88. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0823-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a scatter plot of GWAS t (b/se) value of raw traits of protein and survival. Correlation (r) of effects between traits were indicated. b Scatter plot of GWAS t (b/se) value of Cholesky traits of protein and survival. c Plot of effect sizes of forward Mendelian Randomisation using raw trait protein as exposure (x, causal variable), raw trait survival as outcome (y, effect variable) and non-pleiotropic variants as instrumental variables (z)²⁰. Bonferroni multi-testing adjusted p value of Mendelian Randomisation (p_MR) is indicated. d Plot of effect sizes of reverse Mendelian Randomisation using raw trait survival as the exposure and raw trait protein as the outcome.