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. 2020 Feb 28;10:3756. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60676-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The relationship between asymptomatic individuals and malaria incidence in Guapi (left column) and El Cuerval (right column). Asymptomatic individuals found to have parasitemia during the study period by microscopy (blue line) or PCR (green line) at different time points (lower row) and the number of cases diagnosed during routine surveillance in the town of Guapi (red bars) and in the Santa Mónica neighborhood of Guapi (mustard bars) and El Cuerval (red bars, upper row). Asymptomatic individuals in Guapi were sampled in four occasions in the Santa Mónica neighbourhood (1: April (2015), 2: October (2015), 3: April (2016), 4: October (2016) (see Methods)) and are represented as a fraction (brown) of the total cases (red) in the town of Guapi. Asymptomatic prevalence by PCR in Guapi were: 1: April-2015 [6/226 (2.7%); CI 95%: 0.9-5.8], 2: October (2015) [3/250 (1.2%); CI 95%: 0.2–3.5], 3: April (2016) [2/298 (0.6%); CI 95%: 0.1-2.4], 4: October (2016) [1/303 (0.3%); CI 95%: 0.1–1.9]. Asymptomatic prevalence by microscopy in Guapi were: 1: April (2015) [5/226 (2.2%); CI: 0.01–5.1], 2: October (2015) [2/250 (0.8%); CI 95%: 0.2–2.9], 3: April (2016) [1/298 (0.3%); CI 95%: 0.1–1.9], 4: October (2016) [1/303 (0.3%); CI 95%: 0.1–1.9]. In El Cuerval two sampling events were performed at time points with different malaria incidence (1: December, 2015, 2: May, 2017). As the number of cases diminishes so does the number of asymptomatic individuals with parasitemia. Asymptomatic prevalence by PCR in El Cuerval were: 1: December, 2015 [7/188 (3.7%); CI 95%: 1.5–7.7], 2: May, 2017 [0/103 (0%); CI 95%: 0–1.2]. Asymptomatic prevalence by microscopy in EL Cuerval were: December, 2015 [4/188 (2.1%); CI 95%: 0.8–5.3], 2: May, 2017 [0/103 (0%); CI 95%: 0–1.2]. CI = Confidence Interval.