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. 2020 Feb 28;10:3755. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60755-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histograms illustrating the percentage of surface area that is affected by different levels of wall shear stresses. The box plots indicate the distribution of affected surface areas calculated for the 25 patient-specific geometries. The red lines indicate each level’s median value. The blue line is illustrating the respective values calculated for the average geometry that was generated using the SSM. The upper panel illustrates the wall shear stress histograms during inspiration, while the lower panel illustrates the expiratory phase. The numbers below each box plot indicate the respective histogram bin’s upper limit (i.e. the first bin includes all wall shear stresses above 0 and below 0.01 Pa).