Fig. 7. PTT in combination with NPNs@Pt enhanced anti-tumor effect.

a Workflow for treatment of EMT6-bearing mice using PTT-based neutrophil-mediated NPNs@Pt delivery system. On day -1 (defined as the 7th day after tumor inoculation), mice were i.v. injected with NPs@PBT. On day 0, the mice were received PTT treatment and were administrated with PBS, cisplatin, OMVs, NPs@Pt, or NPNs@Pt after 30 min. Tumor volumes were measured every two days from day 0 to day 28. b Tumor growth curves during the treatments. c Photos and d weight of the tumors collected on day 28. n = 5 mice per group for b–d. e Representative images of H&E, Ki67, and TUNEL staining of tumor tissues obtained on day 3 after the PTT treatment. Scale bars, 100 μm. f Number of Ki67⁺ cells per field (3.4 mm²) in the tumor slices in e. Significant analyses were performed compared with Group X. n = 3 per group. g Percentage of TUNEL⁺ area in the tumor slices in panel e. n = 4 for group I, II, V, and n = 3 for all other groups. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (b) or mean ± SD (f, g), and analyzed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.