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. 2020 Feb 28;10:3695. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60428-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Scheme of hydrated protein film attached to the SiN membrane in a SALVI device during ToF-SIMS measurement. (b) A photo of SALVI device assembled on a ToF-SIMS stage. (c) ToF-SIMS profiles of an amino acid fragment (CH₅N₃⁺, m/z 59, red curve) and a water cluster ((H₂O)₃H⁺, m/z 55, green curve) from the adsorbed and hydrated BSA film during two measuring periods: using the Bi₃⁺primary ion beam with (I) long pulse width and (II) short pulse width.