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. 2020 Feb 28;9:29. doi: 10.1038/s41377-020-0263-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic configuration. b Optical microscopy image. c SEM images. d Cross-section of the present silicon−graphene hybrid plasmonic waveguide with the signal electrode in the middle and the ground electrodes on both sides (here, the metal−graphene−metal sandwich structure is utilized). V_b bias voltage, V_G gate voltage